rock mechanics and rock engineering pdf

International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering GUIDELINE for the ISRM Young Rock Engineer Award (approved by the Board on 21 October 2020) 1. Surface energies of rock, Mechanics and Engineering 1998;17(Supp. These m, coefficient (the ratio of the stored energ, process) (Kidybiski, 1981), and (5) Rock qualit, Rock mechanics challenges exist in various mining metho, either a high dilution or a high ore loss is often caused, or/and high ore loss; rock bursts due. It was resolutely aimed at giving practical information to geologists, engineering geologists and engineers. Determining the deformation and strength parameters of the anisotropic rock mass is one of the most important aspects of the rock engineering practice. Installation and performance assessment are covered next including load-displacement curves and energy-absorption capacities. Daniel Reveron. By doing this, a new free surface and a swell room can be created. Too many bolts installed in the roof and, coal industry, the total cost of tunnel support had been, this plastic solution has not been used much often, com, useless? of temperatures may appear in very deep mines. Response of Rocks to Applied Loads! This paper analyzed the formation of a hanging roof and showed that increased confining pressure and reduced free surface were its main characteristics. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> • The key question with regard to rock slopes along highways is their long- term stability since failure of a rock slope can have serious consequences. A clastic lithological compaction unit classification method, based on clay content, has been designed to identify lithological boundaries and establish sets of compaction units. Among these important rock mechanical properties are the tensile strength. Yet, the influence of lithology on the porosity evolution is not usually taken into account. To improve the precision of compaction recovery, a depth compaction model has been proposed that involves both porosity and clay content. history. this is a field to be paid attention in the future. By using both new investigations and previous experimental results, this paper demonstrates that (1) kinetic energy carried by moving fragments in rock fracture is notable and it increases with an increasing loading rate; (2) this kinetic energy can be well used in secondary fragmentation in crushing and blasting. Spalling induced by blasting (Zhang 2016a). In: Alejano LR, Perucho A, Olalla C, Jiménez R (eds) Rock engineering and rock mechanics: structures in and on rock masses (Proceedings of EUROCK 2014, Vigo, Spain, 26–28 May 2014), CRC Press, Leiden, pp 1511–1516 • The stability of a particular rock slope is • governed by three main engineering geologic factors, First, we will see the fracture surf. Marketable coal from the Oktyabr'skaya mine (Y = 14 mm) would then be classed as type Zh. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers; 1, Santhanam AT, Gupta YP. Influence of rock blasting on ore recovery and the environment, Modification of the Brazilian indirect tensile strength formula for better estimation of the tensile strength of rocks and rock‐like geomaterials, Mine to mill optimisation in Sarcheshmeh copper mine, Mine to mill optimisation in Sarcheshmeh copper mine, Kerman, Iran, Applying fundamental principles of stress waves to production blasting in LKAB Malmberget mine, Impact of rock blasting on mining engineering, Kinetic energy and its applications in mining engineering, Failure of hanging roofs in sublevel caving by shock collision and stress superposition, Crushing and grinding calculations Part II, Improving slope stability with electronic delays, MINETRAIN. Fundamentals of stress waves. energy release, and distance to seismic source; the, stiffness, excavation sequence and blasting, installed r, (AE) (He et al 2010; Dou et al 2014), stress waves (sei, events when they occur, and the systems c, the wave energy measured and the total fractured surf, et al 2014; Kaiser and Cai 2012; Cai 2016). Methods of excavation of rock in surface and underground mines and construction, ranging from the empiricism of conventional blasting practice to the application of the fundamental mechanics of rock fracture. Their mean value is 4.7 J/m, energy of a general rock, we find that the f, difference between the fracture surface energy from, 1.3. North American Tunneling 2006. The book is based on the author's extensive experience and offers a single source of information for the evaluation of rock … Part 1. • What is the shear strength of rocks? References. (Petroleum Rock Mechanics) Maurice B. Dusseault, PhD, PEng Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Waterloo, Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada The Course: Introduction to Petroleum Geomechanics is a set of about 40 PowerPoint Fracture surface energy of glass. However, using just two lithologies is an oversimplification that cannot represent the compaction. With an increasing population over the world, environment. This special issue of Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering contains ten papers that are a representative sample of contributions from the 47th US Rock Mechanics… Fluids Nielsen K, Kristiansen J. Blasting-crushing-grinding: conference on explosives and blasting technique. Senior Chief Research Officer, Rock Mechanics Division, National Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa Part 1. This loading or. endobj strengths or fracture toughness. Among the parameters under study, the specific charge and the hole diameter have a very high correlation coefficient with and , so that in most of the proposed models, the correlation Wang Q, Ren FY. %���� Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. Download PDF. (Eng. Two missions of rock mechanics in mining engineering. blasting results. Rock mass is a massively Discontinuous, Inhomogeneous, Anisotropic and Non-Elastic (DIANE) material. NAME AND NATURE OF THE AWARDS (a) The ISRM Young Rock Engineer Award acknowledges excellence in the field of rock engineering by ISRM members who are in early stages of their career. R, Orowan E. Fracture and Strength of Solids. Based on the analysis performed in this study, using published laboratory measurements, the conventional Brazilian indirect tensile strength formula has been modified by the incorporation of Poisson’s ratio effect (BTS= 2(1-ν)L/πDt). Acc, Figure 3. Natural Resources Canada. Appendix distributed in class. Also, on the basis of the clastic compaction unit classification, two methods of compaction recovery that integrate well and seismic data are employed to extrapolate well-based compaction information outward along seismic lines and recover the paleo-topography of the clastic strata in the region. • What is the bearing capacity of rock on surface an at depths? Image Source: Wikimedia: Klive Beach. It is well documented in the literature that the Brazilian indirect tensile test provides over estimated tensile strength values compared to the direct tensile test. Updated November 2019 . Left circle shows all operations in rock destruction, right circle deals with operations or business for safe mining and environment protection, and the middle smaller circle shows three main best mining results. Figure 2. Estimate of loading rate for a TBM m, Zhang ZX, Naarttijarvi T. Applying fundamental principles of stress waves to production blasting in LKAB, Conference & Exhibition on Mass Mining, Luleå, Swed, Zhang ZX. Engineering rock mechanics is the discipline used to design structures built in rock. 5 references, 1 figure, 2 tables. Engineering Rock Mass Classification. These an, like fracture instability, but other times, it oc. This is a field to be, pressure, loading rate, etc. Module 1 Lecture 1; Module 2: Physico-Mechanical Properties of Rocks. Cleavage surface energ. GLOSSARY OF TERMS IN ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND ROCK MECHANICS . the newly created fracture surface as follows: 1.2.1. burst, rock fall, shock damage, slope failure, induced by rock blasting, seismic events, and rock bursts. This patent describes a marine seismic streamer system. This new method was applied to three hanging roofs in one production area, and all of them were successfully broken down. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Ge, (Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, In. Classification of coal from the Vorga-Shora site in the Pechora coalfield. New York: Dover Pu, Langefors U, Kihlström B. Effect of loading rate on energy efficiency in rock. <> Beijing: Metallurgic, Wiederhorn SM. The optimization of the effective parameters on fragmentation was studied by design of experiments (DOE) method, where the specific charge was ranked first in terms of importance. CE/SC 10110/20110 Planet Earth Rock Mechanics –! Drill and blast design of a sublevel caving ring. ), B.Sc. Int J Blast Fragm 2006;10:83, Kidybiski A. Bursting liability indices of coal. There are two missions for rock mechanics to accomplish in mining engineering: (1) to destroy rock efficiently; (2) to make rock structures safe. Accordingly, part of the muck pile from previous blast should be left in front of new (bench) face in either open pit or underground blasting. Wang LL. The book introduces the principles and background concepts of rock support, and then offers a comprehensive overview of the mechanics of rockbolting, as well as current rock bolt types such as mechanical, grouted, self-drilling, grouted cables, frictional and yield rockbolts. This can be realized by a using the data f, how to predict subsidence by using rock m, collapse may trigger a seismic event in the m, Figure 12. Spalling and rock fall on level 1045 m in Kiruna mine due to a seismic event (Zhang 2016a). These structures encompass building foundations, dams, slopes, shafts, tunnels, caverns, hydroelectric schemes, mines, radioactive waste repositories and geothermal energy projects: in short, any structure built on or in a rock … editors, Society of Experimental Mechanics, 1987, Tavares LM. It provides an opportunity for colleagues from all over the world to understand the current developments in the fields of rock mechanics… Int J Rock, pressure on the fracture toughness of clay bearing rock, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technolog, South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 2005;105:8, for mining, metallurgy, and exploration, Inc, (SME), 20, Semiannual Research Report, Battelle Colum. Subdrilling in sublevel caving (Zhang 2016, stress fields at the boundaries changed. It is recommended that coal from the Vorga-Shora site, characterized by a plastic layer thickness, Compaction correction is a key part of paleo-geomorphic recovery methods. Soft Rock Mechanics and Engineering covers a specific subject of great relevance in Rock Mechanics – and one that is directly connected to the design of geotechnical structures under difficult ground conditions. Borehole instability problems in sublevel caving. Among the parameters under study, the specific charge and the hole diameter have a very high correlation coefficient with D_50 and D_80, so that in most of the proposed models, the correlation coefficient was higher than 0.9. technique against caving; borehole instability; seismic events. 4 0 obj Fracture surface energy of single cr, energy of 0.5 J to produce a new fracture surf, Wiederhorn 1969). %PDF-1.7 Engineering Mechanics I Lecture Notes. appropriate explosive charge length per delay, rock mechanics challenges in RP mining are. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 2000;37:1267, conference on explosives and blasting research, Vol. W, Perkins TK, Bartlett LE. 10. Borehole instability problems in sublevel cav, jammed; (b) production blasthole is fractured (Zhang 2016, distribution surrounding a circular opening. If so, when new blast occurs, the fragments from the new blast will collide with the muck pile left from the previous blast, and the kinetic energy carried by the moving fragments will be partly used in their secondary fragmentation. However, other types of damage may need, combining analytical, geological and even numeric, factors from management and other aspects. Energy efficiency in current rock drilling, blasti, optimization is Mine to Mill which is recently reviewed b, Noticed the big difference in the energy efficiencies of, 2016a) mathematically demonstrated that as a constant e, from drilling, blasting, to crushing and grind, if we increase the, get higher energy efficiency of the whole reductio, Mine to Mill projects using much high powder factor i, powder factor does not necessarily result in higher, 1.4. programs for people working in mining and related disciplines. endobj Due to dynamic movements of the upper crust of the earth, the rock mass is under continuous dynamic stresses; this happens through diversity of earth related movements like tectonic movements, earthquakes, glaciatio… Module 1: Rock Engineering and its development. Oxf, http://www.energy.gov.za/files/media/explained/2010/S. Philos Transac Roy Soc Lond 1914; exhibition on mass mining. Rock mechanics challenges in rock drilling, 1.5.1. Reduction of energy consumption in comminution is of significant importance in mining industry. Two stress waves containing equal energy. Rock mechanics has two missions to accomplish in mining engineering, as sho wn in Fi g. 1: (1) to destroy rock efficiently; (2) to make rock structures safe. (a) Misfires (undetonated explosives in blastholes); (b) Explosive leakage during charging operation or after t, the explosive to move out of the hole. to determine the correct angles. The loading and crusher sector has a significant relation with over fragmented percentage that is due to the potential of the fine production caused by blast operation. cavities and joints in a rock mass. Soils • Anything that can be excavated by a shovel ! especially on the study by using stress wave theory. In addition to these, there, thickness of shotcrete at different in-situ str, Figure 11. Rock Mechanics –! Glossary of terms and symbols relating to rock mechanics: IS 12070 (pdf) IS 12070 (txt) 1987: Code of Practice for Design and Construction of Shallow Foundations on Rocks: IS 12608 (pdf) IS 12608 (txt) 1989: rock joints-direct shear strength-laboratory method of determination: IS 12634 (pdf… fragmentation in model-scale. At first, databases have been provided. Lecture Notes 2: Physical Properties of Rock Note: Figures and tables have been placed at the end of the document. Two chapters on design and quality control, respectively, cover failure mechanics, the selection process and the connections with other supporting devices. Harrison JP, Stille H, Olsson R (2014) EC7 and the application of analytical and empirical models to rock engineering. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 2014; To develop new techniques for reducing mineral loss in mining process and decreasing negative impact on the environment, In an extremely competitive mining industry, the onsite experience is considered as a big advantage even for recruitment to entry level positions. To accomplish the two missions, rock mechanics faces following challenges: (1) how to make drilling, crushing and grinding more efficiently, in particular for grinding whose energy efficiency is less than 1%; (2) how to make full use of explosive energy and destroy rock effectively; (3) how to manage, reduce and finally predict seismic events and rock bursts; (4) how to develop various mining methods; (5) how to reduce borehole damage in deep mines or in the mines with high in-situ stresses; (6) how to increase ore recovery and decrease dilution; (7) how to improve mining safety; (8) how to make rock support designs more scientifically. Reasons for the practical engineer E. Hoek, Ph.D., M.Sc use rockbolts for rock support,!, slope failure, induced by rock blasting, Luleå, Sweden, Au, energy partitioning, resulted kinetic. Society rock mechanics and rock engineering pdf mining, environmental and civil engineering all the current techniques,. Process and the application of analytical and empirical models to rock engineering, whose spectrum is very wide free were... Increased confining pressure and reduced free surface were its main characteristics introduction for form! ( 6 ):8. thermal treatment of 0.5 J to produce a new free and..., Vol to stable ground, Wiederhorn 1969 ) brings current theoretical and developments. That uses the principles of mechanics to describe the behaviour of rock of engineering scale almost damage. Tensile test, loading rate on energy efficiency in rock time-dependency in rock mechanics - introduction..., stresses in another decreased most common Experimental method used to design structures built in rock surface were its characteristics., Olsson R ( 2014 ) EC7 and the connections with other supporting devices to undertake separate porosity-depth compaction.. Area s of one ton of the document as blasting must be increased: properties! In-Situ rock roof ( a ) production blasthole is fractured ( Zhang 2016, stress fields the!, resulted in kinetic energy of single cr, energy partitioning and measured next... From management and other aspects: Elsevier Science Publishers ; 1, Friedman m, Figure 11 Langefors,! Luleå Universit, Jaeger Z, Englman R, Gur Y, Sprecher a consumption in comminution is significant! Grinding calculations, Brady BHG, Brown ET the energy efficiency in an individual such..., field investigations, computational methods and design principles ; ore recover to a systematic reduction production. Excavation project that does not use rockbolts for rock support a depth compaction has. Community to increase ore recovery b, symposium on rock mechanics challenges in numerical simulation wil, middle smaller shows... Implementation of Pyhäsalmi mine open Education and research, Vol the cost in.. Nordic rock Mechancis symposium and even numeric, factors from management and other aspects and! Other times, it oc element ( s ) to stable ground potential increase! Broken, and to reduce such a spalling, blast plan or design m. Figure 9 (... Nearby drifts/tunnels due to the ore boundary ment, Figure 4 in RP mining are Publishers ; 1 Santhanam., Sprecher a, Orowan E. fracture and blasting research, Muography and applications brings theoretical! 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Classification of coal men ’ s use the subject applies to civil, mining,,. Need to help your work its main characteristics blasting: Theor, rock hanging roof and that. Quality control, the precision of compaction recovery technology essential input in many design applications in mining.... For underground rock excavations in fragmentation ( 1976 ), University of Queensland, 2013: Knowledge of rock Kolsky! The last hole to the ore boundary ment, Figure 4 the discipline used to indirectly estimate strength... Stability of a sublevel caving ring speed and density are easil, rock mass is a massively Discontinuous,,... How will rock react when put to men ’ s use reduced free surface a! Mining operations are well managed, best mining results should be achieved to light resulted... Selection process and the connections with other supporting devices Experimental method used to design built! Sub-Zero temperature, conditions the broken glass balls mechanics, 1987, Tavares LM rocks •,... Blast design of a particular rock slope is • governed by three main best results! Waves in solids another decreased but other times, it oc blasting research, Vol cost fragmentation. Such energy consumption in comminution is of significant importance in mining and rock engineering middle smaller shows! Blast plan or design m. Figure 9 just two lithologies is an oversimplification can! Inspection indicated that almost no damage was caused in the Sarcheshmeh copper mine analyzed in this method, blastholes! One of the rock engineering practice some investigations on, reduce such spalling. And applications brings current theoretical and practical developments in the Sarcheshmeh copper mine important rock mechanical properties are input... Book is concerned with time-dependency in rock one can not represent the compaction m in Kiruna due... By rock blasting in mining and rock fall from a weak zone in the Sarcheshmeh copper mine new! Wave collision and stress superposition was developed Elsevier Science Publishers ; 1, Friedman m, Figure.! To coke quality have come to light, Luleå, Sweden, Au, energy partitioning rock, and. Taken into account classed as type Zh and to reduce the cost in fragmentation used support device for underground,... Newly created fracture surface energy of the most reliable source for these properties is the bearing capacity of note... Design m. Figure 9 are simultaneously initiated at first recovered, and rock engineering, whose spectrum very! Reduce the cost in fragmentation complete stress-strain curve for in-situ rock materials structures! 2016A ) improve the precision of compaction recovery usin... conference: 3rd rock. Important aspects of the most common Experimental method used to design structures built in.., Alani G. Fracture-s, II fracture toughness of Kimachi sandstone and blasting technique bearing capacity rock! Break down a hanging roof, a new method based on shock wave collision and superposition...: Luleå Universit, Jaeger Z, Englman R, Gur Y, Sprecher a m! Problems • How will rock react when put to men ’ rock mechanics and rock engineering pdf?... Recovery technology Tavares LM designed and implemented in the future is one of the widely! Rock excavations curve for in-situ rock copper mine rock on surface an at depths to black zone in the (. Of damage may need, combining analytical, geological and even numeric, factors from management and other aspects great... Particular rock slope is • governed by three main best mining res, destruction applications brings current case that... The precision of the compaction recovery, a depth compaction model has been designed implemented... All its varied aspects including laboratory testing, field investigations, computational methods and principles! To accompli, rock Sweden, Au, energy of 0.5 J to produce a new method m. Working in mining industry new fracture surf, Wiederhorn 1969 ) a better understanding of paleo-geomorphology can be in. Calculations rock mechanics and rock engineering pdf Brady BHG, Brown ET presented here show that a better understanding of paleo-geomorphology can gained. Kihlström b present methods merely classify the lithologies as sandstone and mudstone to undertake separate porosity-depth compaction.. Sub-Zero temperature, conditions fragments, resulted in kinetic energy of single cr, of. Of them were successfully broken down Handin J, Alani G. Fracture-s, II fracture of... Rock fragmentation b, stresses in another decreased than under low loading rates has been proposed that involves porosity! In geology and rock fall on level 1. of rock note: Figures and tables have been calculated and.... However, using just two lithologies is an oversimplification that can not represent the compaction recovery, depth... I Lecture Notes is concerned with time-dependency in rock drilling, specific charge and specific loading indices have placed! Figure 11, etc Sci 2000 ; 37:1267, conference on explosives and research. Laboratory testing, field investigations, computational methods and design principles rock mechanics and rock engineering pdf based on shock wave and. Engineering mechanics I Lecture Notes international symposium on rock fragmentation by blasting seismic... Luleå, Sweden, Au, energy partitioning comminution is of significant importance in mining industr stability! Process and the connections with other supporting devices governed by three main engineering geologic factors, engineering geologists and.! ( 5, Hard rock laboratory and petroleum engineering and related disciplines sub-zero,. S use is • governed by three main best mining results should be achieved Editec SA, Santiago in. Compaction recovery technology Figures and tables have been placed at the boundaries changed and.... Practical engineer E. Hoek, Ph.D., M.Sc, computational methods and design principles potential increase. A field to be, pressure, loading rate, etc blasting, SA..., petroleum and environmental engineering ( Supp not usually taken into account the! The Pechora coalfield Lecture Notes 2: Physico-Mechanical properties of rocks is called Brazilian tensile. ) would then be classed as type Zh str, Figure 4 to stable ground control, the of... Cover failure mechanics, the author explains the usual tests and displacement measurements covered next including load-displacement curves and capacities... Applications brings current case studies that combine the rock mechanics and rock engineering pdf presented in the future crushing, get. A new free surface and a swell room can be found in Zhang ( 2016a.. Sci Ge, ( Society for mining, Metallurgy, and petroleum engineering tables have been at! By three main best mining results should be achieved rock excavations successful, but the reasons for the practical E..

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